XFEL

The European X- Ray Free-Electron Laser

Technical Design Report

• Executive summary
• 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Accelerator-based light sources
  • 1.2 Free-electron lasers
  • 1.3 Historical development of the XFEL
  • References
• 2 TTF/FLASH in the XFEL context
  • 2.1 Historical background
  • 2.2 TTF FEL, Phase 1.
    • 2.2.1 Accelerator R&D
    • 2.2.2 FEL research.
    • 2.2.3 Results.
    • 2.2.4 Experience from commissioning procedures
  • 2.3 TTF FEL, Phase 2 – FLASH
  • 2.3.1 Design
    • 2.3.2 Installation.
    • 2.3.3 Accelerator commissioning
    • 2.3.4 FEL commissioning
    • 2.3.5 Experience form the first user operation periods
    • 2.3.6 Next steps for FLASH
  • References.
• 3 General layout of the XFEL Facility
  • 3.1 Introduction.
  • 3.2 Injector
  • 3.3 Linear accelerator
  • 3.4 Beam distribution system
  • 3.5 Undulators
  • 3.6 Photon beamlines
  • 3.7 Experimental stations
  • 3.8 Schenefeld campus
• 4 XFEL ccelerator
  • 4.1 Overview
    • 4.1.1 Introduction
    • 4.1.2 Overall layout and choice of parameters.
    • 4.1.3 Operational flexibility and future options
  • 4.2 Linac.
    • 4.2.1 Cavities
    • 4.2.2 Auxiliaries
    • 4.2.3 Vacuum system
    • 4.2.4 High power RF system.
    • 4.2.5 Low level radio frequency control
  • 4.3 Injector
    • 4.3.1 General layout
    • 4.3.2 Experimental status and future developments
    • 4.3.3 Photocathode laser
  • 4.4 The bunch compressor system and start-to-end simulations
    • 4.4.1 Introduction and layout
    • 4.4.2 Space charge and coherent synchrotron radiation effects
    • 4.4.3 RF set-up and tolerances.
    • 4.4.4 Instabilities driven by space charge and coherent synchrotron radiation
    • 4.4.5 Start-to-end simulation
  • 4.5 Beam optics and dynamics
    • 4.5.1 Main linac
    • 4.5.2 Post-linac collimation
    • 4.5.3 Beam distribution and undulators
    • 4.5.4 Transverse beam stabilisation
  • 4.6 Beam diagnostics
    • 4.6.1 Requirements.
    • 4.6.2 Measurements of projected bunch properties
    • 4.6.3 Measurement of slice properties
  • 4.7 Technical layout.
    • 4.7.1 Warm vacuum system.
    • 4.7.2 Magnets.
    • 4.7.3 Kickers.
    • 4.7.4 Beam dumps
  • 4.8 Synchronisation system for the XFEL
    • 4.8.1 Introduction
    • 4.8.2 Layout of the XFEL synchronisation system.
    • 4.8.3 Distribution of trigger and clock signals
    • 4.8.4 Synchronisation of the LLRF for the main linac
  • 4.9 Summary of costs and manpower
    • 4.9.1 Costs and manpower requirements of the superconducting linac
  • References
• 5 Undulators for SASE and spontaneous emission
  • 5.1 Overview
    • 5.1.1 Principles of XFEL operation
    • 5.1.2 Design criteria for the European XFEL
  • 5.2 FEL radiation parameters
    • 5.2.1 Defining undulator parameters.
    • 5.2.2 Radiation parameters of SASE 3
    • 5.2.3 Statistical properties of the radiation
    • 5.2.4 Higher harmonics
  • 5.3 Spontaneous synchrotron radiation
    • 5.3.1 Undulator parameters
    • 5.3.2 Spontaneous radiation parameters
  • 5.4 Undulators systems
    • 5.4.1 Choice of undulator parameters
    • 5.4.2 Basic tolerance requirements.
    • 5.4.3 Undulator segments
    • 5.4.4 Intersections
    • 5.4.5 Other components.
    • 5.4.6 Implementation of undulator systems
    • 5.4.7 Summary
  • 5.5 Photon diagnostics of FEL radiation
    • 5.5.1 Trajectory alignment
    • 5.5.2 Gap adjustment
    • 5.5.3 Phase tuning
    • 5.5.4 Hardware setup
    • 5.5.5 Test at PETRA II
  • 5.6 Future extensions to the European XFEL Facility
  • 5.7 Summary of costs and manpower requirements
  • References
• 6 Photon beamlines and scientific instruments
  • 6.1 Overview of the X-ray systems
  • 6.2 Photon beam transport
    • 6.2.1 Photon beamline concept
    • 6.2.2 X-ray optical elements
    • 6.2.3 Other beam transport elements
    • 6.2.4 Description of the beamlines
  • 6.3 Photon beam diagnostics
    • 6.3.1 Characterisation of beam properties
    • 6.3.2 Online diagnostics
  • 6.4 Scientific instruments
    • 6.4.1 Small Quantum Systems
    • 6.4.2 High Energy Density matter experiments
    • 6.4.3 Coherent X-ray scattering and lensless imaging in materials science
    • 6.4.4 X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
    • 6.4.5 X-ray absorption spectroscopy
    • 6.4.6 Femtosecond diffraction experiments
    • 6.4.7 Ultra-fast coherent diffraction imaging of single particles, clusters and biomolecules
    • 6.4.8 Research and development on x-ray instrumentation
  • 6.5 Specific XFEL experiments instrumentation
    • 6.5.1 Sample environment and manipulation.
    • 6.5.2 X-ray optics
    • 6.5.3 Optical lasers
    • 6.5.4 Detectors and requirements
  • 6.6 Summary of cost and manpower requirements
  • References
• 7 Infrastructure and auxiliary systems
  • 7.1 Site layout and civil construction
    • 7.1.1 Overall site layout.
    • 7.1.2 Civil construction.
  • 7.2 Conventional technical infrastructure
    • 7.2.1 Power distribution and power supplies
    • 7.2.2 Magnet power supplies.
    • 7.2.3 Magnet water cooling and air conditioning
    • 7.2.4 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
    • 7.2.5 Cryogenics
    • 7.2.6 Accelerator Module Test Facility
    • 7.2.7 Survey and alignment of XFEL
    • 7.2.8 Installation of components
  • 7.3 Controls and operation.
    • 7.3.1 Control systems
    • 7.3.2 Radiation safety
    • 7.3.3 General safety
    • 7.3.4 Personnel interlock
  • 7.4 Summary of costs and manpower requirements
  • References.
• 8 Commissioning and operation
  • 8.1 General considerations.
  • 8.2 Transition phase.
  • 8.3 User operation
  • 8.4 Operation budget
• 9 Project management and organisation
  • 9.1 Introduction.
  • 9.2 Internal organisation of the XFEL GmbH
    • 9.2.1 General aspects
    • 9.2.2 Primary tasks and internal structure of the XFEL GmbH
    • 9.2.3 Operation of the accelerator complex
    • 9.2.4 Build-up of the XFEL staff complement
    • 9.2.5 Status of personnel and recruitment policy.
  • 9.3 General project structure and procedures for the construction period
    • 9.3.1 Principles
    • 9.3.2 Collaboration agreements between contributing institutes and XFEL GmbH
    •  9.3.3 Project management structure and oversight.
    • 9.3.4 Later operation of the equipment contributed in kind.
  • 9.4 Special relationship between the XFEL GmbH and DESY
    • 9.4.1 DESY as contributor to the construction, commissioning and operation of the XFEL facility.
    • 9.4.2 DESY as host for the XFEL GmbH
  • 9.5 Project management
    • 9.5.1 Overview
    • 9.5.2 Roles and responsibilities within the XFEL project
    • 9.5.3 Project management tools
  • References
• 10 Cost and time schedule
  • 10.1 Total project cost
  • 10.2 Risk analysis.
  • 10.3 Operation cost.
  • 10.4 Time schedule.
  • 10.5 Budget profile.
  • References

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